Chapter 8 Description and critical reflection of empiric theory http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ We converse with one another of knowledge, research, assumptions and so forth, overconfident that we understand. Norma Koltoff (1967, p….
Chapter 9 Confirmation and validation of empiric knowledge using research http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ Research extends knowledge through application of scientific methods—not with absolute certainty—but with minimal misinformation. Skepticism, alert self-criticism, constant testing…
Chapter 7 Empiric knowledge development: conceptualizing and structuring http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ Looking at human behavior is like running into a cloud whose origins and direction is unknown. You can see the cloud,…
Chapter 1 Nursing’s fundamental patterns of knowing http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ It is the general conception of any field of inquiry that ultimately determines the kind of knowledge that field aims to develop…
Chapter 4 Ethical knowledge development http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ Certain fundamental ethical principles are universal and unchangeable, but the interpretation and application of truth changes and different people arrive at truth by widely…
Chapter 5 Personal knowledge development http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ Self is a dynamic concept, ever deepening as we expand and broaden our relationships with others. The Self is created in relation to others….
Chapter 10 Confirmation and validation of empiric knowledge in practice http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ Practice is goal directed. Clinical testing of theory is therefore essential. Choose your theory—it does not hold in all…
Chapter 2 The history of knowledge development in nursing http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ Nursing history was taught, but never accorded much importance . . . a casual interlude . . . and even more disheartening not valued. Lacking historical record the…
Chapter 3 Emancipatory knowledge development http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ Why have women passion, intellect, moral activity—these three—and a place in society where no one of the three can be exercised? Florence Nightingale (1852/1979,…
Chapter 6 Aesthetic knowledge development http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ The first requisite [of nursing] is the practical belief that the greatest likeness among humans is their difference. The unspoken lesson of anatomy, the…
