Chapter 8 Description and critical reflection of empiric theory http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ We converse with one another of knowledge, research, assumptions and so forth, overconfident that we understand. Norma Koltoff (1967, p….
Chapter 9 Confirmation and validation of empiric knowledge using research http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ Research extends knowledge through application of scientific methods—not with absolute certainty—but with minimal misinformation. Skepticism, alert self-criticism, constant testing…
Chapter 7 Empiric knowledge development: conceptualizing and structuring http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ Looking at human behavior is like running into a cloud whose origins and direction is unknown. You can see the cloud,…
Chapter 1 Nursing’s fundamental patterns of knowing http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ It is the general conception of any field of inquiry that ultimately determines the kind of knowledge that field aims to develop…
Chapter 4 Ethical knowledge development http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ Certain fundamental ethical principles are universal and unchangeable, but the interpretation and application of truth changes and different people arrive at truth by widely…
Chapter 5 Personal knowledge development http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ Self is a dynamic concept, ever deepening as we expand and broaden our relationships with others. The Self is created in relation to others….
Chapter 2 The history of knowledge development in nursing http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ Nursing history was taught, but never accorded much importance . . . a casual interlude . . . and even more disheartening not valued. Lacking historical record the…
Chapter 10 Confirmation and validation of empiric knowledge in practice http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ Practice is goal directed. Clinical testing of theory is therefore essential. Choose your theory—it does not hold in all…
Chapter 6 Aesthetic knowledge development http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ The first requisite [of nursing] is the practical belief that the greatest likeness among humans is their difference. The unspoken lesson of anatomy, the…
Chapter 3 Emancipatory knowledge development http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chinn/knowledge/ Why have women passion, intellect, moral activity—these three—and a place in society where no one of the three can be exercised? Florence Nightingale (1852/1979,…
