Nonpharmacological Methods
7 Nonpharmacological Methods SUCROSE Oral sucrose,1 given 2 minutes prior to a painful procedure, has been shown to decrease heart rate, facial movement, and pain scores in term and…
Coanalgesics
6 Coanalgesics Coanalgesics, or adjuvant medications, are a group of pharmaceuticals with pharmacological characteristics that were not primarily intended for pain relief but were found to have therapeutic properties…
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
13 Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Neonatal drug withdrawal or neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is often a long a painful process that requires time in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)….
Multidisciplinary Approach
9 Multidisciplinary Approach A multidisciplinary approach that includes the physician, registered nurse, physician assistant, advanced practice nurse, and, most important, the family members is imperative in providing comprehensive pain…
End-of-Life Pain Management and Palliative Care
14 End-of-Life Pain Management and Palliative Care Although outcomes of survival, overall, in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are very favorable, death is also a real part of the…
Procedural Pain Management
11 Procedural Pain Management There are many reasons a neonate can experience pain. Pain can be caused by trauma (such as a traumatic delivery), a pathological condition or anomaly,…
Role of Family in Neonatal Pain Management
10 Role of Family in Neonatal Pain Management The role of the family in neonatal pain management is central and integral to supporting the identification of pain in the…
History and Overview of Neonatal Pain
1 History and Overview of Neonatal Pain The study of pain in neonates is relatively new and still evolving. Before the 1980s, pain in the neonate was disputed and…
Nonopioids
4 Nonopioids Nonopioids include any medications that are used for analgesia and are nonnarcotic. Nonopioids can be given alone to manage mild to moderate pain, or may be used…
