Tumors of the Central Nervous System
Fig. 7.1 The 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system Because there are many different kinds of brain tumors, the number of children diagnosed with…
Craniosynostosis and Plagiocephaly
Type of craniosynostosis Suture involved Incidence Characteristics Scaphocephaly (dolicocephaly) Sagittal 40–60 % Bitemporal narrowing Frontal bossing Occipital cupping Palpable sagittal ridge Anterior plagiocephaly Coronal 10–20 % Nasional deviation Flattening of…
Neuroimaging
What Goal First line imaging Special considerations Brain tumor Diagnosis and treatment/therapy/planning/posttreatment follow-up MRI brain with and without contrast Strongly consider obtaining spine imaging to rule out any metastatic disease…
Hydrocephalus
Communicating Congenital Achondroplasia Associated with craniofacial syndromes Acquired Posthemorrhagic: intraventricular or subarachnoid Choroid plexus papilloma or choroid plexus carcinoma Venous obstruction as in superior vena cava syndrome Postinfectious Noncommunicating Congenital…
Surgical Management of Epilepsy
(1) Department of Neurosurgery, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Ave, 330, Aurora, CO 80045, USA Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in…
Traumatic Brain Injury
Subjective: witness to mechanism of event (i.e., police, EMT, parent report, photographs), loss of consciousness (LOC), anterograde or retrograde amnesia, witnessed posttraumatic seizure, abnormal behavior or vomiting, cardiorespiratory compromise/resuscitation, immobilization…
Skull and Scalp Anomalies
Fig. 4.1 Finding a new bump while washing hair 4.2 Diagnostic Testing Once the child is referred to pediatric neurosurgery, the provider may order a computed tomography (CT) scan or…
Neural Tube Defects
Defect Open Closed Anencephaly Fatal condition where neonate missing parts of the brain and skull x Encephalocele Saclike protrusions of the brain and the membranes that cover it x …
Perioperative Care
Fig. 16.1 Child-life specialist helps patient become more familiar with oxygen mask 16.1.4 Preoperative Consultations and Assessment Historically, the primary care pediatrician was asked to “clear” the patient for surgery…
