Janice M. Morse 36 TOWARD UNDERSTANDING COMFORT AND COMFORTING Nurses who work in the hospital, work with patients who have ongoing irreversible, irretrievable suffering. Physical suffering, emotional suffering, mental suffering—anguish…
Janice M. Morse 35 THE EVOLUTION OF OUR UNDERSTANDING OF SUFFERING: THE PRAXIS THEORY OF SUFFERING The primary role of nursing is to care for those who are ill or…
Shirley M. Solberg 28 THE SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH: AN EXPANDED CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR NURSING If our goal is to reduce health disparities rather than to just study them, nursing…
Janice M. Morse 14 BUILDING CONCEPTS A concept … refers to the properties of a phenomenon, not the phenomenon itself. It gives meaning to what can be seen, heard, tasted,…
Janice M. Morse 13 CONCEPT IDENTIFICATION USING QUALITATIVE INQUIRY What is wrong with health care are its concepts and words, rather than its picayune—but rather costly—procedures. —Ivan Illich (1994) Concept…
Kathryn Weaver 21 FROM CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT TO QUALITATIVELY DERIVED THEORY: ETHICAL SENSITIVITY IN PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE The signs – sometimes imperceptible, at others very clear – are all around us. But…
Janice M. Morse and Charlotte Pooler 24 MODES OF RELEASING IN THE PRAXIS THEORY OF SUFFERING: THE RESPONSES OF WOMEN TO THE RESULTS OF BREAST BIOPSY For the next thirty-six…
Janice M. Morse 37 THE PRAXIS THEORY OF COMFORT AND COMFORTING1 Asked by elderly woman: “What do you call a group of nurses?” Answer: “A comfort!” What, then, is comfort?…
Janice M. Morse 17 CONCEPT CLARIFICATION: THE USE OF PRAGMATIC UTILITY1 Words … should be discarded as soon as they begin to conceal what they ought to illuminate. Our terminology…
Joan L. Bottorff 26 DEVELOPING THEORY USING MIXED METHODS: PATTERNS OF ATTENDING IN NURSING The amount of relief and comfort experienced by the sick after the skin has been carefully…
