30 Care of the renal transplant recipient Overview/pathophysiology Individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have several treatment modalities from which to choose—hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, no treatment, and renal transplantation. Diabetes…
28 Care of the patient undergoing hemodialysis Overview/pathophysiology During hemodialysis, blood is removed via a special vascular access, heparinized, pumped through an artificial kidney (dialyzer), and then returned to patient’s…
29 Care of the patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis Overview/pathophysiology Peritoneal dialysis uses the peritoneum as the dialysis membrane. Dialysate is instilled into the peritoneal cavity via a catheter surgically placed…
26 Benign prostatic hypertrophy Overview/pathophysiology The prostate is an encapsulated gland that surrounds the male urethra below the bladder neck and produces a thin, milky fluid during ejaculation. As a…
25 Acute renal failure Overview/pathophysiology Acute renal failure (ARF) is a sudden loss of renal function as a result of reduced blood flow or glomerular injury, which may or may…
24 Venous thromboembolism Overview/pathophysiology Venous thromboembolism (VTE) describes the conditions of deep vein thrombophlebitis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism. The development of VTE is associated with various etiologies and risk factors….
23 Pulmonary arterial hypertension Overview/pathophysiology As blood passes through the pulmonary vasculature, it exchanges CO2 and particulate matter for O2. Normally the pulmonary vascular bed offers little resistance to blood…
21 Heart failure Overview/pathophysiology Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome in which the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the body’s metabolic demands. It is…
22 Hypertension Overview/pathophysiology The incidence of hypertension among adults in the United States is 29%-31%, affecting 58 to 65 million persons, with a continuing rise in incidence and prevalence. Half…
20 Dysrhythmias and conduction disturbances Overview/pathophysiology Dysrhythmias are abnormal rhythms of the heart’s electrical system. They can originate in any part of the conduction system, such as the sinus node,…
