Sickle cell pain crisis
87 Sickle cell pain crisis Overview/pathophysiology Sickle cell disease (SCD) comprises a group of hereditary blood disorders in which hemoglobin S (HbS) is the dominant hemoglobin. HbS (sickle hemoglobin) replaces…
Fractures in children
83 Fractures in children Overview/pathophysiology Fractures are common childhood injuries and usually the result of trauma (falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries, child abuse) or bone disease with abnormally fragile…
Cystic fibrosis
81 Cystic fibrosis Overview/pathophysiology Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic, progressive multisystem disease in which there is dysfunction of the exocrine (mucus-producing) glands and abnormal transport of sodium and chloride…
Child abuse and neglect
80 Child abuse and neglect Overview/pathophysiology The problem of child abuse and neglect, formerly called “battered child syndrome,” is now recognized as a serious threat to children in the United…
Cerebral palsy
79 Cerebral palsy Overview/pathophysiology Cerebral palsy (CP) is a term used to describe a group of chronic conditions affecting body movement and muscle coordination. It is caused by damage to…
Chronic kidney disease
27 Chronic kidney disease Overview/pathophysiology Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function that develops over days to years. Aggressive management of hypertension and diabetes mellitus…
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
76 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Overview/pathophysiology Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder involving developmentally inappropriate behavior. ADHD is a common chronic illness in children and one of the…
Managing wound care
73 Managing wound care A wound is a disruption of tissue integrity caused by trauma, surgery, or an underlying medical disorder. Wound management is directed at preventing infection and deterioration…
Caring for individuals with human immunodeficiency virus
72 Caring for individuals with human immunodeficiency virus Overview/pathophysiology Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a life-threatening illness caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS is characterized by disruption of…
