Otitis media
85 Otitis media Overview/pathophysiology Otitis media (OM) is the most common reason for visits to the pediatrician in the first 3 yr of life, the leading cause of antibiotic use,…
Coronary artery disease
19 Coronary artery disease Overview/pathophysiology Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, affecting more than 13 million Americans. The coronary arteries supply the…
Anxiety disorders
95 Anxiety disorders Overview/pathophysiology Anxiety is a diffuse response to a vague threat, as opposed to fear, which is an acute response to a clear-cut external threat. Anxiety often precedes…
Rheumatoid arthritis
71 Rheumatoid arthritis Overview/pathophysiology Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic disease associated with severe morbidity and functional decline caused by inflammation of connective tissue, primarily in the synovial joints….
Joint replacement surgery
68 Joint replacement surgery Overview/pathophysiology Total hip arthroplasty Total hip arthroplasty (THA) involves surgical resection of the hip joint and its replacement with an endoprosthesis. THA may be necessary for…
Diabetes mellitus in children
82 Diabetes mellitus in children Overview/pathophysiology Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common childhood endocrine disorder and one of the most costly chronic diseases of childhood. It is a disorder…
Cardiac surgery
18 Cardiac surgery Overview/pathophysiology Surgical intervention may be necessary to treat acquired or congenital heart disease. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is done to treat blocked coronary arteries. A portion…
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
9 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Overview/pathophysiology Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. It is a disease state characterized by airflow…
