68 Joint replacement surgery Overview/pathophysiology Total hip arthroplasty Total hip arthroplasty (THA) involves surgical resection of the hip joint and its replacement with an endoprosthesis. THA may be necessary for…

54 Cirrhosis Overview/pathophysiology Cirrhosis is a chronic, serious disease in which normal configuration of the liver is changed, resulting in cell death. When new cells are formed, the resulting scarring…

82 Diabetes mellitus in children Overview/pathophysiology Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common childhood endocrine disorder and one of the most costly chronic diseases of childhood. It is a disorder…

18 Cardiac surgery Overview/pathophysiology Surgical intervention may be necessary to treat acquired or congenital heart disease. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is done to treat blocked coronary arteries. A portion…

78 Burns Overview/pathophysiology Burn injuries represent one of the most painful and devastating traumas a person can experience. Fire and burn-related injuries are a leading cause of death from injury…

9 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Overview/pathophysiology Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. It is a disease state characterized by airflow…

74 Providing nutritional support Adequate nutrition is necessary to meet the body’s demands in order to maintain normal body composition and function. A patient’s nutritional status may be affected by…

84 Gastroenteritis Overview/pathophysiology Gastroenteritis, one of the most common infectious diseases seen in children, is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines that accompanies numerous gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. It is…

15 Aneurysms Overview/pathophysiology An aneurysm is a pathologic enlargement of a section of an arterial wall. The most common cause is atherosclerosis, which alters the vessel pathology, weakening the vessel…

10 Pneumonia Overview/pathophysiology Pneumonia is an acute bacterial or viral infection that causes inflammation of the lung parenchyma (alveolar spaces and interstitial tissue). As a result of the inflammation involved,…