Defect Open Closed Anencephaly Fatal condition where neonate missing parts of the brain and skull x  Encephalocele Saclike protrusions of the brain and the membranes that cover it x …

Fig. 16.1 Child-life specialist helps patient become more familiar with oxygen mask 16.1.4 Preoperative Consultations and Assessment Historically, the primary care pediatrician was asked to “clear” the patient for surgery…

Fig. 6.1 Normal T1 sagittal MRI of a 5-year-old 6.2.1 Developmental Anomaly CM-I is anatomically the simplest of the Chiari malformations. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates descent of the cerebellar tonsils…

Fig. 14.1 Reflex arc The efferent neurons have their cell bodies in the ventral (or anterior) horn of the spinal cord and carry impulses from the CNS to the effector…

Arteries Artery walls are composed of three layers: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. There are three types of arteries: elastic arteries, muscular arteries, and arterioles. Thickness of wall…

Diagnostic or imaging modality Technology utilized Nursing and patient considerations X-rays of the skull and vertebral column X-rays to look at boney structures of the skull and spine, fractures, integrity…

Fig. 15.1 T-1-weighted MRI with contrast demonstrating a ring-enhancing lesion suspicious for intracranial abscess Fig. 15.2 T-1-weighted MRI with contrast revealing right-sided enhancement along the cortical surface of the brain…

17.5 Special Considerations for Transition of Pediatric Neurosurgery Patients to Adult Care Transition to adult care providers is a process that takes several years in the best of circumstances, and…

Fig. 10.1 Subdural hemorrhage. Left-sided moderate subdural hemorrhage observed in a 4-month-old who experienced abusive head trauma During shaking, the brain strikes the inner surfaces of the skull which causes…

Fig. 9.1 Concussion pathophysiology The force of the blow and resulting energy transfer sets off a complex cascade of neurochemical events that lead to the disruption of cell membranes and…