APNEA OF PREMATURITY Amy Bieda Overview Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is a common clinical problem affecting premature infants and is related to developmental immaturity. By definition, it is the cessation…

BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA Amy Bieda Overview Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial disorder that evolves in infants born prematurely. These infants require some degree of mechanical ventilation and have an oxygen…

SEIZURE DISORDER Kathleen Maxwell Overview The majority of seizures are idiopathic. Seizures can present at any age and clinically can be described as convulsions, staring spells, muscle spasms, and odd…

PEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES Rachel Tkaczyk Overview In 2010, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) database reported a total of 129.8 million emergency department visits in the United States. Of…

FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES Michael D. Gooch Celeste M. Alfes Overview Fluid and electrolyte balance is essential for homeostasis and assures adequate cellular perfusion and function, and is the key…