16 Hypoglycaemics These are agents that reduce the excessive level of glucose in the blood that is a feature of diabetes. Insulin and oral hypoglycaemics play a key role in…

25 Vitamins and Iron Preparations Vitamins Vitamins are factors in food necessary for growth and reproduction of living tissues. Some vitamins are fat soluble and others are water soluble. Those…

17 Immunoglobulins These are antibodies, present in the blood, that by specific and direct action defend the body against invading bacteria or organisms. Anti-D immunoglobulin is used prophylactically and in…

21 Oxytocics Oxytocics (uterotonics) are drugs used to stimulate uterine contractions, i.e. for induction of labour, acceleration of labour, in active management of the third stage, to halt postpartum haemorrhage…

10 Antihistamines The term ‘antihistamine’ refers to H2 receptor antagonists and are subdivided into sedating antihistamines and non-sedating antihistamines. Uses include:  Antiemetics for nausea and vomiting (see Chapter 8)  Emergency…

5 Anticoagulants Anticoagulants are substances used to prevent blood clotting. The student should be aware of:  factors predisposing to thromboembolism  local protocols for management of thromboembolism  the antagonist for such…

4 Antibiotics Antibiotics are produced by certain bacteria or fungi that interfere with or prevent the growth of other bacteria/fungi. They are used in infection or as prophylaxis, e.g. in…

18 Intravenous Fluids Solutions of electrolytes and water are given intravenously, to meet normal fluid and electrolyte requirements or to replenish substantial deficits or continuing losses, when the patient is…

1 Anaesthesia These drugs depress part of the central nervous system, causing the loss of sensation in a part of or in the whole of the body. There are two…

2 Analgesics These preparations are used to relieve pain without causing unconsciousness or lack of all nervous sensation in a particular area. It is important to become familiar with pain…