Diseases of the prostate
Benign prostatic hyperplasia The prostate is the organ of the body most frequently afflicted by disease in males over 50 years of age. The single most common pathologic process is…
Gross anatomy of the female reproductive tract
Ovaries The ovaries are two small oval structures, each about 2 × 4 × 1.5 cm, lying deep within the female pelvis just lateral to, and behind, the uterus. They are loosely attached to…
Benign and malignant diseases of the breast
Common benign breast diseases Breast complaints are common in women and most diseases of the breast (96%) are nonmalignant. Histologic subcategorization of breast masses, based upon cellular proliferation and the…
Gross anatomy of the male reproductive tract
Testes and epididymis The testes are a pair of oval, slightly flattened bodies measuring about 4 cm in length and 2.5 cm in diameter. Together with the epididymides, they lie…
Labor abnormalities
Timely onset of labor and delivery has an important role in pregnancy outcome. Both preterm and postterm births are at higher risk for poor outcomes than pregnancies delivered at term….
Spontaneous pregnancy loss
Ectopic pregnancy Any pregnancy that implants outside of the uterine endometrial cavity is called an ectopic pregnancy. Despite improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this disorder, ectopic pregnancy remains the…
Infertility
Infertility is defined as a diminished capacity to conceive and bear a child. It is not equivalent to sterility, the absolute and irreversible inability to conceive. Clinically, a couple is…
Sexual dysfunction
Prior to 1980, sexual dysfunction of any cause was lumped under the term “impotence” for men and “frigidity” for women. Since then, the classification of sexual disorders has evolved and…
Primary amenorrhea
Primary amenorrhea is defined as failure to menstruate by age 16 in patients with normal secondary sexual characteristics or the failure to menstruate by age 14 in patients with no…
Delayed or absent puberty
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml”> 29 Delayed or absent puberty Delayed puberty is defined as the absence of secondary sexual characteristics at age 13 in girls and 16 in boys (Chapters 11 and…
