Child abuse and neglect
80 Child abuse and neglect Overview/pathophysiology The problem of child abuse and neglect, formerly called “battered child syndrome,” is now recognized as a serious threat to children in the United…
Cystic fibrosis
81 Cystic fibrosis Overview/pathophysiology Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic, progressive multisystem disease in which there is dysfunction of the exocrine (mucus-producing) glands and abnormal transport of sodium and chloride…
Cerebral palsy
79 Cerebral palsy Overview/pathophysiology Cerebral palsy (CP) is a term used to describe a group of chronic conditions affecting body movement and muscle coordination. It is caused by damage to…
Chronic kidney disease
27 Chronic kidney disease Overview/pathophysiology Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function that develops over days to years. Aggressive management of hypertension and diabetes mellitus…
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
76 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Overview/pathophysiology Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder involving developmentally inappropriate behavior. ADHD is a common chronic illness in children and one of the…
Diabetic ketoacidosis
46 Diabetic ketoacidosis Overview/pathophysiology Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening condition caused by severe lack of effective insulin, resulting in major hyperglycemia and acidosis from abnormal carbohydrate, fat, and protein…
Caring for individuals with human immunodeficiency virus
72 Caring for individuals with human immunodeficiency virus Overview/pathophysiology Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a life-threatening illness caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS is characterized by disruption of…
Managing wound care
73 Managing wound care A wound is a disruption of tissue integrity caused by trauma, surgery, or an underlying medical disorder. Wound management is directed at preventing infection and deterioration…
Osteoarthritis
69 Osteoarthritis Overview/pathophysiology Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent articular disease in adults 65 yr of age and older. OA has been known by many names, including degenerative joint disease…
