What is traction?

Traction is the application of a pulling force that requires counter traction in order to be effective. This follows the principles of gravity. Counter traction can be achieved by the child’s body weight or by elevating the end of the bed. This pulling force is applied to the child’s limb with a resultant pull on the bone and soft tissues.

Why is traction used?

• To reduce a displaced fracture
  
• To maintain alignment of a fracture
  
• To reduce muscle spasm
  
• To relieve pain
  
• To prevent or correct deformity caused by contracture of the soft tissues
  
• To immobilize inflamed or injured joints
  
• To aid reduction of a dislocated joint (e.g. developmental dysplasia of the hip).

Types of traction

The type of traction selected is determined by the age of the child, the type and position of the fracture, the amount of displacement, the condition of the skin and soft tissues and the desired outcomes. The traction should be used to maintain the fracture position until there has been sufficient healing to enable the limb to be immobilized in a plaster cast until complete healing has occurred.