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Acute Renal Failure TERMS Acute renal failure QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Acute renal failure is related to a sudden decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, causing a low…

Skin as a Barrier to Fluid Loss QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Part of the integumentary system, the skin is the largest organ in the body, protecting the musculoskeletal…

Respiratory Regulation of Carbon Dioxide and Fluids TERMS Chloride shift QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD In this chapter we examine the passage of carbon dioxide through the respiratory system,…

Kidney Regulation of Electrolytes and Fluid TERMS Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Glomerular filtration QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD The function of the kidneys is to remove and add substances…

Hypothalamus and Fluid Regulation TERMS Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Osmoreceptors QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD The hypothalamus is the most important organ responsible for maintaining homeostasis. In this chapter we…

Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD The following chapter identifies the normal laboratory values for arterial blood gases. A step-by-step process is used. Examples of acid-base…

Acid-Base Compensation QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Compensation is the body’s attempt to bring the acid-base imbalance back to normal. When compensating an acid-base disturbance, the system not responsible…

Mixed Disturbances QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Mixed disturbances occur when both respiratory and metabolic disorders result in a condition of acidosis or alkalosis. How high or low the…

Respiratory Alkalosis QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Respiratory alkalosis is associated with a carbonic acid deficit leading to a pH level greater than 7.45 and a CO2 blood content…

Respiratory Acidosis QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Respiratory acidosis occurs when the pH value decreases below 7.35 and the PCO2 level rises above 45 mm Hg. Causes may be…