Benzodiazepines PREGNANCY CATEGORY D OR X CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE C-IV Therapeutic Actions Benzodiazepines are anxiolytics, antiepileptics, muscle relaxants, and sedative-hypnotics. Their exact mechanisms of action are not understood, but it is…
Barbiturates PREGNANCY CATEGORY D PREGNANCY CATEGORY C (THIOPENTAL) PREGNANCY CATEGORY B (METHOHEXITAL) CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE C-II Therapeutic Actions Barbiturates act as sedatives, hypnotics, antiepileptics, and general anesthetics. They are general CNS…
Antivirals PREGNANCY CATEGORY B OR C Therapeutic Actions Antiviral drugs inhibit viral DNA or RNA replication in the virus, preventing replication and leading to viral death. Indications Initial and recurrent…
Antimigraine Drugs (Triptans) PREGNANCY CATEGORY C Therapeutic Actions Triptans bind to serotonin receptors to cause vascular constrictive effects on cranial blood vessels, causing the relief of migraine in selective patients….
Antimetabolites DANGEROUS DRUG PREGNANCY CATEGORY D Therapeutic Actions Antimetabolites are antineoplastic drugs that inhibit DNA polymerase. They are cell-cycle-phase–specific to S phase (stage of DNA synthesis), causing cell death for…
Antihistamines PREGNANCY CATEGORY B OR C Therapeutic Actions Antihistamines competitively block the effects of histamine at peripheral H1 receptor sites, have anticholinergic (atropine-like) and antipruritic effects. Indications Relief of symptoms…
Antifungals PREGNANCY CATEGORY C Therapeutic Actions Antifungals bind to or impair sterols of fungal cell membranes, allowing increased permeability and leakage of cellular components and causing the death of the…
Antidiabetics PREGNANCY CATEGORY B, C (GLYBURIDE, METFORMIN) Therapeutic Actions Oral antidiabetics include several drug types. One type, called the sulfonylureas, stimulates insulin release from functioning beta cells in the pancreas…
Anticoagulants DANGEROUS DRUG PREGNANCY CATEGORY C (HEPARIN, APIXABAN, DABIGATRAN, RIVAROXABAN) PREGNANCY CATEGORY X (WARFARIN) PREGNANCY CATEGORY B (LOW–MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARINS) Therapeutic Actions Oral anticoagulants interfere with the hepatic synthesis of vitamin…
Antiarrhythmics PREGNANCY CATEGORY C Therapeutic actions Antiarrhythmics act at specific sites to alter the action potential of cardiac cells and interfere with the electrical excitability of the heart. Most of…
