Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus Life-threatening disorder Description Variety of conditions characterized by an excess of fluid within the cranial vault, subarachnoid space, or both Occurs because of interference with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow…
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma Description Malignant neoplasm of the lymphoid tissue Commonly seen in adolescents and young adults Excellent prognosis Pathophysiology This disorder may originate in a localized group of lymph nodes….
Hirschsprung’s disease
Hirschsprung’s disease Description Absence of parasympathetic ganglionic cells in a segment of the colon (usually at the distal end of the large intestine) Lack of nerve innervation leading to lack…
Hemophilia
Hemophilia Life-threatening disorder Description Hereditary bleeding disorder Characterized by greatly prolonged coagulation time Results from deficiency of specific clotting factors Hemophilia A (classic hemophilia: affects more than 80% of hemophiliacs,…
Gastroesophageal reflux
Gastroesophageal reflux Description Return of gastric or duodenal contents into the esophagus from an incompetent or poorly developed esophageal sphincter Also called GERD Pathophysiology Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function prevents…
Ewing’s sarcoma
Ewing’s sarcoma Life-threatening disorder Description Highly malignant, nonosseous tumor that arises from cells within the bone marrow Usually affects lower extremities, but can occur in the arms, pelvis, or chest…
Epiglottiditis
Epiglottiditis Life-threatening disorder Description Acute inflammation of the epiglottis and surrounding area Life-threatening emergency that rapidly causes edema and induration If left untreated, complete airway obstruction In children ages 2…
Down syndrome
Down syndrome Description Chromosomal aberration that results in mental retardation, abnormal facial features, and other distinctive physical abnormalities Commonly associated with heart defects and other congenital disorders Average IQ between…
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus Description Chronic disease of absolute or relative insulin deficiency or resistance Type 1 diabetes mellitus: most common childhood endocrine disorder Type 2 diabetes mellitus: rising incidence due to…
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Developmental dysplasia of the hip Description Abnormal formation of the hip joint present at birth Most common disorder affecting the hip joints in children younger than age 3 years Can…
