Mannitol(man’ i tole)
Osmitrol
PREGNANCY CATEGORY B
Drug Classes
Diagnostic agent
Osmotic diuretic
Urinary irrigant
Therapeutic Actions
Elevates the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate, thereby hindering the reabsorption of water and leading to a loss of water, sodium, chloride (used for diagnosis of glomerular filtration rate); creates an osmotic gradient in the eye between plasma and ocular fluids, thereby reducing IOP; creates an osmotic effect, leading to decreased swelling in post-transurethral prostatic resection.
Indications
Prevention and treatment of the oliguric phase of renal failure
Reduction of intracranial pressure and treatment of cerebral edema; of elevated IOP when the pressure cannot be lowered by other means
Promotion of the urinary excretion of toxic substances
Diagnostic use: Measurement of GFR
NEW INDICATION: Unlabeled uses: Complex regional pain syndrome, severe traumatic brain injury
Contraindications and Cautions
Contraindicated with anuria due to severe renal disease.
Use cautiously with pulmonary congestion, active intracranial bleeding (except during craniotomy), dehydration, renal disease, heart failure, pregnancy, lactation.
Available Forms
Injection—5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%
Dosages
Adults
IV infusion only; individualize concentration and rate of administration. Dosage is 50–200 g/day. Adjust dosage to maintain urine flow of 30–50 mL/hr.
Prevention of oliguria: 50–100 g IV as a 5%–25% solution.
Treatment of oliguria: 50–100 g IV of a 15%–25% solution.
Reduction of intracranial pressure and cerebral edema: 1.5–2 g/kg IV as a 15%–25% solution over 30–60 min. Evidence of reduced pressure should be seen in 15 min.
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