Gynecologic Disorders OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT The Menstrual Cycle The menstrual cycle is the cyclical pattern of ovarian hormone secretion (estrogen and progesterone) under the control of pituitary hormones (luteinizing hormone…
Hematologic Disorders OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT Blood, the body fluid circulating through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins, consists of plasma and cellular components. The average male adult has about 5.5…
Breast Conditions OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT Subjective Data Obtain a nursing history about specific breast complaints and general health information from the patient to plan care and appropriate patient teaching. Breast…
Transfusion Therapy and Blood and Marrow Stem Cell Transplantation TRANSFUSION THERAPY Principles of Transfusion Therapy Due to the potentially life-threatening consequences of blood type ABO incompatibility and disease transmission through…
Endocrine Disorders OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT The Function of Hormones The endocrine system and the nervous system maintain homeostasis. The endocrine glands produce hormones, chemical substances that are secreted into the…
Renal and Urinary Disorders OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT Subjective Data Subjective data include characterization of symptoms, history of present illness, past medical and surgical history, demographic data, and lifestyle factors. Signs…
Gastrointestinal Disorders OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT The gastrointestinal (GI) system is comprised of the alimentary canal and its accessory organs. The alimentary canal begins at the mouth and extends through the…
Nutritional Problems OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT Nutrition Overview Knowledge of nutrients and the basic principles of nutrition are important in the role of patient teaching for disease prevention and health promotion….
Hepatic, Biliary, and Pancreatic Disorders OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT Assessment of Accessory Organ Dysfunction The liver and its bile ducts, the gallblader, and the pancreas are called accessory glands in the…
Ear, Nose, and Throat Disorders OVERVIEW AND ASSESSMENT History Obtaining a history, including the patient’s signs and symptoms, current health patterns, and previous past medical history, will help in identifying…
