Antimetabolites DANGEROUS DRUG PREGNANCY CATEGORY D Therapeutic Actions Antimetabolites are antineoplastic drugs that inhibit DNA polymerase. They are cell-cycle-phase–specific to S phase (stage of DNA synthesis), causing cell death for…
Antihistamines PREGNANCY CATEGORY B OR C Therapeutic Actions Antihistamines competitively block the effects of histamine at peripheral H1 receptor sites, have anticholinergic (atropine-like) and antipruritic effects. Indications Relief of symptoms…
Antifungals PREGNANCY CATEGORY C Therapeutic Actions Antifungals bind to or impair sterols of fungal cell membranes, allowing increased permeability and leakage of cellular components and causing the death of the…
Antidiabetics PREGNANCY CATEGORY B, C (GLYBURIDE, METFORMIN) Therapeutic Actions Oral antidiabetics include several drug types. One type, called the sulfonylureas, stimulates insulin release from functioning beta cells in the pancreas…
Anticoagulants DANGEROUS DRUG PREGNANCY CATEGORY C (HEPARIN, APIXABAN, DABIGATRAN, RIVAROXABAN) PREGNANCY CATEGORY X (WARFARIN) PREGNANCY CATEGORY B (LOW–MOLECULAR-WEIGHT HEPARINS) Therapeutic Actions Oral anticoagulants interfere with the hepatic synthesis of vitamin…
Antiarrhythmics PREGNANCY CATEGORY C Therapeutic actions Antiarrhythmics act at specific sites to alter the action potential of cardiac cells and interfere with the electrical excitability of the heart. Most of…
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) PREGNANCY CATEGORY D Therapeutic actions ARBs selectively block the binding of angiotensin II to specific tissue receptors found in the vascular smooth muscle and adrenal…
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors PREGNANCY CATEGORY D Therapeutic actions ACE inhibitors block ACE in the lungs from converting angiotensin I, activated when renin is released from the kidneys, to angiotensin…
Aminoglycosides PREGNANCY CATEGORY D Therapeutic Actions Aminoglycosides are antibiotics that are bactericidal. They inhibit protein synthesis in susceptible strains of gram-negative bacteria and appear to disrupt the functional integrity of…
Alpha1-Adrenergic Blockers PREGNANCY CATEGORY C Therapeutic actions Alpha1-adrenergic blockers selectively block postsynaptic alpha1-adrenergic receptors, decreasing sympathetic tone on the vasculature, dilating arterioles and veins, and lowering both supine and standing…
