Acid-Base Compensation QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Compensation is the body’s attempt to bring the acid-base imbalance back to normal. When compensating an acid-base disturbance, the system not responsible…

Mixed Disturbances QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Mixed disturbances occur when both respiratory and metabolic disorders result in a condition of acidosis or alkalosis. How high or low the…

Respiratory Alkalosis QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Respiratory alkalosis is associated with a carbonic acid deficit leading to a pH level greater than 7.45 and a CO2 blood content…

Respiratory Acidosis QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Respiratory acidosis occurs when the pH value decreases below 7.35 and the PCO2 level rises above 45 mm Hg. Causes may be…

Metabolic Alkalosis QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Metabolic alkalosis occurs when the bicarbonate level rises above 27 mEq/L and the pH above 7.45. It may result from an excess…

Metabolic Acidosis TERMS Kussmaul respirations QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Metabolic acidosis results from a deficiency in HCO3 (< 23 mEq/L) or an excess of noncarbonic acids. In metabolic…

Respiratory Regulation QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD The respiratory system provides a quick response to an acid-base imbalance through control of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in…

Renal Regulation QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD The kidneys are effective in acid-base balance because they permanently remove the hydrogen ion from the body. Though efficient, with the ability…

pH Regulation Through Buffering Systems QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Metabolic regulation of the body’s pH is controlled by proteins, carbonic acid-bicarbonate, phosphates, and the plasma potassium-hydrogen exchange. Some…

Acid-Base TERMS Hydrogen ion QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD In this chapter we discuss the hydrogen ion and its relationship to pH. The regulation of pH through the buffering…