Renal Failure QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Renal failure is classified as acute or chronic. Acute renal failure (ARF) (now frequently called “acute kidney injury”) has a mortality rate…

Renal Calculi and Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD The presence of renal calculi (urolithiasis), which can range in size from microscopic to several centimeters in diameter,…

Micturition and Incontinence QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Functional incontinence occurs in infants and young children when the bladder reaches a certain fullness. By the age of 2 or…

Glomerulonephritis QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Glomerulonephritis, classified as either nephritic syndrome or nephrotic syndrome, affects males more often than females and is the leading cause of chronic renal…

Urinary Tract Infections and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome UICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect the renal system directly, whereas hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) affects the renal…

Anatomy and Physiology of the Renal System QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD The regulation of fluid volume, blood pressure, and excretion of metabolic waste products and drug metabolites are…

Pancreas and Gallbladder Diseases QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD The functions of the pancreas and gallbladder are closely related. The gallbladder secretes bile; the pancreas secretes enzymes that aid…

Celiac Disease QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Celiac disease (also known as celiac sprue) is a malabsorption of nutrients found predominantly in whites. The etiology is unknown, but it…

Cirrhosis QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Cirrhosis is a condition of chronic, progressive, irreversible damage to the liver resulting in compromised hepatic functioning due to a variety of causes….