Muscular dystrophy Description Hereditary disorder characterized by progressive symmetrical wasting of skeletal muscles No neural or sensory defects Four main types: Duchenne’s (pseudohypertrophic), Becker’s (benign pseudohypertrophic), Landouzy-Dejerine (facioscapulohumeral), and Erb’s…
Meningitis Life-threatening disorder Description Inflammation of brain and spinal cord meninges Usually follows onset of respiratory symptoms Sudden onset, causing serious illness within 24 hours Good prognosis with viral meningitis;…
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease Description Ischemic necrosis that leads to eventual flattening of the head of the femur due to vascular interruption Typically unilateral, occurring bilaterally in 20% of patients Usually runs…
Lead poisoning Description Lead: heavy metal that’s poorly absorbed in the body and slowly excreted; replaces calcium in the bones and increases the permeability of central nervous system membranes In…
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis Description Refers to several conditions characterized by chronic synovitis and joint swelling, pain, and tenderness Pauciarticular JRA: asymmetrical involvement of less than five joints; usually affects large…
Hypospadias and epispadias Description Hypospadias — congenital anomaly of the penis in which the urethral meatus opens on the ventral surface (underside) of the penis; occurs in 1 in 300…
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Life-threatening disorder Description Underdevelopment of the left side of the heart Types of defects: Aortic valve atresia or stenosis Mitral valve atresia or stenosis Diminutive or…
