Drug exposure
Drug exposure Results from maternal drug use during pregnancy Pregnant women who use drugs at higher risk for abruptio placentae, spontaneous abortion, preterm labor, and precipitous labor Neonatal abstinence syndrome:…
Uterine rupture
Uterine rupture Occurs in about 1 in 1,500 births (rare) Viability of the fetus dependent on the extent of the rupture and the time that elapses between the rupture and…
Spontaneous abortion
Spontaneous abortion Products of conception expelled from the uterus before fetal viability Classified according to types (see Types of spontaneous abortion) Up to 15% of all pregnancies and 30% of…
Sexually transmitted infections
Sexually transmitted infections Infections spread through sexual contact with an infected partner During pregnancy, may place the woman at greater risk for problems because of potential effect of sexually transmitted…
Prolapsed umbilical cord
Prolapsed umbilical cord Descent of the umbilical cord into the vagina before the presenting part (see Umbilical cord prolapse, page 86) May occur any time after the membranes rupture, especially…
Premature rupture of membranes
Premature rupture of membranes Abbreviated PROM, membrane rupture 1 or more hours before the onset of labor Preterm PROM (PPROM): rupture of the membranes before the onset of labor in…
Postpartum hemorrhage
Postpartum hemorrhage Uterine blood loss in excess of 500 ml Classified as early, if the blood loss occurs during the first hour after delivery Classified as late, if the blood…
Premature labor
Premature labor Onset of rhythmic uterine contractions that produce cervical changes after fetal viability but before fetal maturity Usually occurs between 20 and 37 weeks’ gestation Fetal prognosis dependent on…
Polyhydramnios
Polyhydramnios Abnormally large amount of amniotic fluid in the uterus Normal amniotic fluid volume: from 500 to 1,000 ml at term Amniotic fluid volume with polyhydramnios: greater than 2,000 ml…
