Defining Characteristics

• Aggression
  
• Alienation
  
• Alteration in concentration
  
• Alteration in mood
  
• Anger
  
• Anxiety
  
• Avoidance behaviors
  
• Compulsive behavior
  
• Denial
  
• Depression
  
• Dissociative amnesia
  
• Enuresis
  
• Exaggerated startle response
  
• Fear
  
• Flashbacks
  
• Gastrointestinal irritation
  
• Grieving
  
• Guilt
  
• Headache
  
• Heart palpitations
  
• History of detachment
  
• Hopelessness
  
• Horror
  
• Hypervigilence
  
• Intrusive dreams
  
• Intrusive thoughts
  
• Irritability
  
• Neurosensory irritability
  
• Nightmares
  
• Panic attacks
  
• Rage
  
• Reports feeling numb
  
• Repression
  
• Shame
  
• Substance abuse

Related Factors

• Destruction of one’s home
  
• Event outside the range of usual human experience
  
• Exposure to disaster (natural or man-made)
  
• Exposure to epidemic
  
• Exposure to event involving multiple deaths
  
• Exposure to war
  
• History of abuse (e.g., physical, psychological, sexual)
  
• History of being a prisoner of war
  
• History of criminal victimization
  
• History of torture
  
• Self-injurious behavior
  
• Serious accident (e.g., industrial, motor vehicle)
  
• Serious injury to loved one
  
• Serious threat to loved one
  
• Serious threat to self
  
• Witnessing mutilation
  
• Witnessing violent death

Domain 9. Coping/Stress Tolerance      Class 1. Post-Trauma Responses

00145

Risk Factors

• Diminished ego strength
  
• Displacement from home
  
• Duration of traumatic event
  
• Environment not conducive to needs
  
• Exaggerated sense of responsibility
  
• Human service occupations (e.g., police, fire, rescue, corrections, emergency room, mental health)
  
• Insufficient social support
  
• Perceives event as traumatic
  
• Survivor role

Domain 9. Coping/Stress Tolerance      Class 1. Post-Trauma Responses

00142

Defining Characteristics

• Aggression
  
• Agitation
  
• Alteration in sleep pattern
  
• Anger
  
• Anxiety
  
• Change in relationship(s)
  
• Confusion
  
• Denial
  
• Dependency
  
• Depression
  
• Disorganization
  
• Dissociative identity disorder
  
• Embarrassment
  
• Fear
  
• Guilt
  
• Helplessness
  
• History of suicide attempt
  
• Humiliation
  
• Hyperalertness
  
• Impaired decision-making
  
• Low self-esteem
  
• Mood swings
  
• Muscle spasm
  
• Muscle tension
  
• Nightmares
  
• Paranoia
  
• Perceived vulnerability
  
• Phobias
  
• Physical trauma
  
• Powerlessness
  
• Self-blame
  
• Sexual dysfunction
  
• Shame
  
• Shock
  
• Substance abuse
  
• Thoughts of revenge

Related Factors

• Rape

Domain 9. Coping/Stress Tolerance      Class 1. Post-Trauma Responses

00114

Defining Characteristics

• Alienation
  
• Aloneness
  
• Alteration in sleep pattern
  
• Anger
  
• Anxiety
  
• Concern about relocation
  
• Dependency
  
• Depression
  
• Fear
  
• Frustration
  
• Increase in illness
  
• Increase in physical symptoms
  
• Increase in verbalization of needs
  
• Insecurity
  
• Loneliness
  
• Loss of identity
  
• Loss of self-worth
  
• Low self-esteem
  
• Pessimism
  
• Unwillingness to move
  
• Withdrawal
  
• Worried

Related Factors

• Compromised health status
  
• History of loss
  
• Impaired psychosocial functioning
  
• Ineffective coping strategies
  
• Insufficient predeparture counseling
  
• Insufficient support system
  
• Language barrier
  
• Move from one environment to another
  
• Powerlessness
  
• Social isolation
  
• Unpredictability of experience

Domain 9. Coping/Stress Tolerance      Class 1. Post-Trauma Responses

00149

Risk Factors

• Compromised health status
  
• Deficient mental competence
  
• History of loss
  
• Ineffective coping strategies
  
• Insufficient predeparture counseling
  
• Insufficient support system
  
• Move from one environment to another
  
• Powerlessness
  
• Significant environmental change
  
• Unpredictability of experience

Domain 9. Coping/Stress Tolerance      Class 2. Coping Responses

00199

Defining Characteristics

• Absence of plan
  
• Excessive anxiety about a task to be undertaken
  
• Fear about a task to be undertaken
  
• Insufficient organizational skills
  
• Insufficient resources (e.g., financial, social, knowledge)
  
• Pattern of failure
  
• Pattern of procrastination
  
• Unmet goals for chosen activity
  
• Worried about a task to be undertaken