Treating Pain in the Patient With Current or Past History of Dependence Syndrome Thomas M. Julian Introduction Pain management is a complex and challenging aspect of nursing care and in…
Interventional Pain Management Joseph Walker Miguel Ernesto Velez Moorice Caparó Introduction Interventional pain treatment options are an important component in the multimodal approach for pain management. Interventional pain options treat…
Surgical and Procedural Pain Management Mallory Perry Introduction Adequate and appropriate pain management is a basic human right, as stated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Association…
Non-Pharmacologic Management of Pain Deborah Dillon McDonald Non-pharmacologic management of pain is an essential aspect of pain management. Although non-pharmacologic strategies may be used as primary treatment without the use…
Pharmacologic Management of Pain Trinh Pham Pharmacologic Management of Pain Pain can arise from a broad variety of causes and can be categorized according to duration (acute vs. chronic) or…
Diagnostic Testing and Imaging of Pain Charan Singh Edward Gillis Introduction In the United States, chronic pain affects more than 100 million adults and accounts for approximately $600 billion annually…
Psychotherapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Jessica W. Guite Michael Reiss Introduction With the advent of the biopsychosocial model of pain (Engel, 1977), there is a greater appreciation of the role that…
Multimodal Pain Management Kyounghae Kim The International Association for the Study of Pain (1994) defines pain as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage,…
Pain Assessment, Clinical History, and Examination Paula S. McCauley CASE STUDY You are a novice Advanced Practice Registered Nurse and have been hired by the orthopedic service in your organization…
Biopsychosocial Model of Pain and Patient-Centered Pain Management Angela Starkweather Definition and Epidemiology of Pain Pain has been described throughout time as a symptom, similar to fatigue or depression, that…
