Nurse Key

Respiratory Regulation of Carbon Dioxide and Fluids TERMS Chloride shift QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD In this chapter we examine the passage of carbon dioxide through the respiratory system,…

Kidney Regulation of Electrolytes and Fluid TERMS Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Glomerular filtration QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD The function of the kidneys is to remove and add substances…

Hypothalamus and Fluid Regulation TERMS Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Osmoreceptors QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD The hypothalamus is the most important organ responsible for maintaining homeostasis. In this chapter we…

Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD The following chapter identifies the normal laboratory values for arterial blood gases. A step-by-step process is used. Examples of acid-base…

Mixed Disturbances QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Mixed disturbances occur when both respiratory and metabolic disorders result in a condition of acidosis or alkalosis. How high or low the…

Acid-Base Compensation QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Compensation is the body’s attempt to bring the acid-base imbalance back to normal. When compensating an acid-base disturbance, the system not responsible…

Respiratory Alkalosis QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Respiratory alkalosis is associated with a carbonic acid deficit leading to a pH level greater than 7.45 and a CO2 blood content…

Respiratory Acidosis QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Respiratory acidosis occurs when the pH value decreases below 7.35 and the PCO2 level rises above 45 mm Hg. Causes may be…

Metabolic Alkalosis QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Metabolic alkalosis occurs when the bicarbonate level rises above 27 mEq/L and the pH above 7.45. It may result from an excess…

Metabolic Acidosis TERMS Kussmaul respirations QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD Metabolic acidosis results from a deficiency in HCO3 (< 23 mEq/L) or an excess of noncarbonic acids. In metabolic…