Defining Characteristics

• Inadequate infant stooling
  
• Infant arching at breast
  
• Infant crying at the breast
  
• Infant crying within the first hour after breastfeeding
  
• Infant fussing within one hour of breastfeeding
  
• Infant inability to latch on to maternal breast correctly
  
• Infant resisting latching on to breast
  
• Infant unresponsive to other comfort measures
  
• Insufficient emptying of each breast per feeding
  
• Insufficient infant weight gain
  
• Insufficient signs of oxytocin release
  
• Perceived inadequate milk supply
  
• Sore nipples persisting beyond first week
  
• Sustained infant weight loss
  
• Unsustained suckling at the breast

Related Factors

• Delayed lactogenesis II
  
• Inadequate milk supply
  
• Insufficient family support
  
• Insufficient opportunity for suckling at the breast
  
• Insufficient parental knowledge regarding breastfeeding techniques
  
• Insufficient parental knowledge regarding importance of breastfeeding
  
• Interrupted breastfeeding
  
• Maternal ambivalence
  
• Maternal anxiety
  
• Maternal breast anomaly
  
• Maternal fatigue
  
• Maternal obesity
  
• Maternal pain
  
• Oropharyngeal defect
  
• Pacifier use
  
• Poor infant sucking reflex
  
• Prematurity
  
• Previous breast surgery
  
• Previous history of breastfeeding failure
  
• Short maternity leave
  
• Supplemental feedings with artificial nipple

Original literature support available at www.nanda.org

Domain 2. Nutrition      Class 1. Ingestion

00105

Defining Characteristics

• Nonexclusive breastfeeding

Related Factors

• Contraindications to breastfeeding (e.g., pharmaceutical agents)
  
• Hospitalization of child
  
• Infant illness
  
• Maternal employment
  
• Maternal illness
  
• Maternal–infant separation
  
• Need to abruptly wean infant
  
• Prematurity

Original literature support available at www.nanda.org

Domain 2. Nutrition      Class 1. Ingestion

00106

Defining Characteristics

• Mother expresses desire to enhance ability to provide breast milk for child’s nutritional needs
  
• Mother expresses desire to enhance ability to exclusively breastfeed

Original literature support available at www.nanda.org

Domain 2. Nutrition      Class 1. Ingestion

00107

Defining Characteristics

• Inability to coordinate sucking, swallowing, and breathing
  
• Inability to initiate an effective suck
  
• Inability to sustain an effective suck

Related Factors

• Neurological delay
  
• Neurological impairment (e.g., positive EEG, head trauma, seizure disorders)
  
• Oral hypersensitivity
  
• Oropharyngeal defect
  
• Prematurity
  
• Prolonged nil per os (NPO) status

Original literature support available at www.nanda.org

Domain 2. Nutrition      Class 1. Ingestion

00002

Defining Characteristics

• Abdominal cramping
  
• Abdominal pain
  
• Alteration in taste sensation
  
• Body weight 20% or more below ideal weight range
  
• Capillary fragility
  
• Diarrhea
  
• Excessive hair loss
  
• Food aversion
  
• Food intake less than recommended daily allowance (RDA)
  
• Hyperactive bowel sounds
  
• Insufficient information
  
• Insufficient interest in food
  
• Insufficient muscle tone
  
• Misinformation
  
• Misperception
  
• Pale mucous membranes
  
• Perceived inability to ingest food
  
• Satiety immediately upon ingesting food
  
• Sore buccal cavity
  
• Weakness of muscles required for mastication
  
• Weakness of muscles required for swallowing
  
• Weight loss with adequate food intake

Related Factors

• Biological factors
  
• Economically disadvantaged
  
• Inability to absorb nutrients
  
• Inability to digest food
  
• Inability to ingest food
  
• Insufficient dietary intake
  
• Psychological disorder

Domain 2. Nutrition      Class 4. Ingestion

00163