Transition from student to staff nurse
“As a first year student I felt like it was never going to end. It was the longest year of my life. Second year was tough, and by the end I felt like quitting. I was so burned out and frustrated. A couple of third years said it was like that for them too, and that it would get better. It did – the third year flew. I was waiting for my PIN in no time. Then the real panic started! (newly qualified nurse)”
TRANSITION FROM STUDENT TO STAFF NURSE
It might seem as though the transition from student to staff nurse starts as soon as you get your PIN; in reality it starts from the moment you started your course. Every day, every step you took, was bringing you closer to being a nurse. In fact, some of the things you probably took for granted as a student were excellent preparation for starting your new nursing role. Think about this – how many times did you have to learn:
• where everything was
• the way things were documented
• everyone’s name and face
• the network of departments and telephone numbers
• about shifts and the off duty.
Many people starting a new job say that these are the kinds of things that are most frustrating. As a new nurse (and very experienced student) you have had a lot of experience being ‘new’. You have developed excellent coping skills to help you adapt quickly to the environment in which you will be working – you might not realise how well prepared you are.
Most new nurses have worries. To show you how well prepared you really are, let’s take a look at some of those worries one by one.
‘I really don’t know what I am doing …’
You’re partly right. There are many things you don’t know. But what are you really expecting from yourself? Are you expecting to have all the answers and to be as knowledgeable and skilled as a senior nurse with years of experience? And what are other people expecting of you? The truth is that other staff members are expecting you to:
• Know how to behave in a professional manner (wear the right uniform, be on time, etc.).
• Know the legal and ethical principles underpinning practice.
• Know how to communicate appropriately.
• Know how to work as a team member.
• Know how to ask for help.
As far as skills, they are expecting that you will:
• Be competent in giving the basic, fundamental care appropriate for your practice area.
• Give medications competently.
• Be able to delegate basic tasks to others in the team.
• Complete a basic assessment competently.
• Know enough to ask for help and support in doing those things you are not yet confident or competent enough to do on your own.
Is there anything in these two lists that wasn’t there for you as a final year student? The only real difference is that instead of someone else chasing you to make sure you are doing everything you should, you will be responsible for making sure on your own, with support from a preceptor and from other staff members. As a newly qualified nurse, the only thing that has really changed is your accountability. The expectation for your level of skill and knowledge is virtually the same as when you were a final-year student.
‘What if I kill someone? Or make a really bad mistake? I don’t want to lose my PIN!’
Have you killed anyone yet? No? Good. Not surprising, really, that you haven’t – mistakes are usually the result of bad or careless practice. If you want to take the best care of your patients, remember that you should never, ever, act beyond the scope of your knowledge and skill. There is nothing wrong, even as an experienced qualified nurse, in going to someone and saying ‘I need help’.
If you remember nothing else from this entire book, remember that it’s always better to ask for help than to forge forward and try to do something you aren’t prepared or experienced enough to do.
The truth is, though, that four common problems can ‘help’ you make mistakes. Avoiding these will help you not make mistakes. Avoid:
1. Being cocky: trying to pretend you are more experienced and skilled than you really are.
2. Being careless: not giving full attention to what you are doing.
3. Being burned out: being so tired, stressed or distracted that you can’t keep track of what you are doing.
4. Being disorganised: not having a good grasp on what you need to do and when you need to do it.
You know that you have to pay attention to what you are doing if you are going to avoid mistakes. That means having a plan for what you need to do, not getting flustered or stressed, taking care of yourself, knowing your limits and not taking short cuts. Later on in the book I’ll be helping you to plan and to avoid stress. For now, though, just accept that during your nursing career you will make mistakes. Most of them will be small mistakes; a few will be big ones. If you do make a mistake, remember these simple rules:
• Always own up to a mistake as soon as you realise you have made it: being honest is essential: you will get into far more trouble if someone else finds out you’ve made a mistake and you haven’t owned up to it. Most importantly, be honest about the reason(s) the mistake was made: don’t blame anyone else if it was really your fault.
• Reflect and learn from your mistakes: the worst thing you can do with a mistake is to try to pretend that it never happened. Look back, honestly, and see what happened. Then you can make sure it doesn’t happen again.
• Don’t let the mistake haunt you: once it’s over, you’ve reflected on it and learned from it, it’s time to let it go. You won’t do yourself, your colleagues or your patients any good by dwelling on mistakes.
• Whatever you do, make sure you put the patient first: don’t get so worried about a mistake that you forget to take care of the patient involved. If you get so upset that you can’t think straight, get someone else to help you.
As far as losing your PIN goes, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) isn’t there to be the big bad wolf – it’s there to protect the public and to support nurses. You will lose your PIN only if the NMC feels that your practice is so unsafe that the only way to protect the public is for you not to be a nurse. Also, most mistakes aren’t anywhere near the level that would need to be referred to the NMC. Issues that do go to the NMC show such a shocking lack of skill, knowledge or judgement that the nurse simply can’t be allowed to continue. Statistically, nurses with many years of experience are more likely to be called before the NMC than newly qualified nurses. Why? Because they let their standards slip, got careless, didn’t keep up to date or started to take the basic, fundamental nursing principles for granted. If you keep yourself up to date, reflect regularly and make sure you are always doing the right things for the right reasons, you won’t have anything to worry about.
If you are ever worried about a decision you have to make or about circumstances at your place of work, you can call the NMC advice line. The people you talk to are knowledgeable, and will give you good, confidential advice. There is more about the NMC, including contact details, in Chapter 9.
‘I’m going back to where I worked before, what if they don’t accept me as a nurse?’ or ‘I’m so new – what if they don’t accept me?’
It’s up to you to be comfortable in your role; if you are comfortable, other people will be comfortable too. Some things might be difficult; for example, asking a healthcare assistant (HCA) to do something for you when that person used to be senior to you when you were training. Here are a few of tips to help you:
• Be respectful of everyone, regardless of his or her role: you are no better than any other team member because you are a nurse: sometimes people might be afraid that you will be ‘above’ them now that you are qualified, and that will cause problems for your team. Be willing to learn from every team member.
• Don’t skive: delegate appropriately; don’t ask someone else to do something for you just because you can (more on delegation in Chapter 3).
• Don’t try not to be a nurse: don’t try to fit in by being an HCA. You owe it to the other staff and to the patients to be a nurse. Although it might win a few people over if you take the heaviest assignment, if it takes you away from the things that only a nurse can do, then it will cause you problems.
• Ask for help if you need it: don’t be worried that if you ask for help people will think you aren’t competent: people who don’t ask for help make more experienced staff worry because experienced nurses know that, as a newly qualified nurse, you will need help. If you aren’t asking for help, then those staff will worry that you are unsafe.
As you can see, you already have the basics you need to be a competent new nurse: all of the expectations – that you would ask for help if you needed it, that you would reflect on your actions and practice, that you would work as a member of a team, and that you would treat others with respect – are things you already know and have been assessed on while a student.
The transition from student to staff nurse is frightening but it really is only one step in the middle of a long progression of steps leading to really being a nurse.
Let me give you an example from my own practice. When I was appointed to a senior nursing role, the first things I thought about were:
• What if I make a mistake?
• What if I don’t really know what I am doing as well as I should?
• What if they don’t accept me?
Does that sound familiar? This is because the steps you take come in two kinds: the little day-to-day steps that you won’t notice and the big landmark steps like getting your PIN or changing to a more senior job. You will have the same fears and worries about every landmark step as you have about the step between being a student and being a qualified nurse.
Because you don’t notice the day-to-day steps, you don’t really see how far you have come and how much you have grown. This is where reflection is so important. In my case, I went to another person (my friend Linda) who was in a similar role as my new job and asked how she had felt. I had reflected at length about my skills, my knowledge and my experiences; I shared these reflections with Linda. To my great surprise, when she started her new role years before she had felt same as I was feeling. That’s when I realised that it wasn’t me – it was the nature of changing roles.
By reflecting, I could answer my doubts about my skills and experience. I could say ‘OK, you might be worried, but you do have the basics you need to take on this new role.’ And you can say that too. If you were a competent and safe final-year student, you are a competent and safe newly qualified nurse. Don’t let your doubts and fears distract you from the joy and personal growth that awaits you in your new career.
POWER AND HIERARCHIES IN NURSING
Through all these titles, there is a hierarchy.
An old joke about snobbery and social hierarchies in Boston – the part of America I come from – goes like this:
I live in Boston town, where the folks are a wee bit odd …
for the Lowells only talk to the Cabots …
and the Cabots only to God.
In the old days, cadets spoke only to student nurses, student nurses to staff nurses, staff nurses to Matron, and Matron to whomever she wished. It’s different now, but some patients don’t know that. They – especially older ones – might feel the need to ask permission to speak to someone.
‘Next to the patient, the most important person in healthcare is next to the patient …’
Everyone – from Doctor to Consultant to Sister to Domestic to Student – is worthy of respect and should expect to be treated with the same dignity and be appreciated for their worthiness. In my opinion, the most important nurse is the one who spends the most time with patients giving direct care – and that’s most often the HCA: the one there giving care is most important.
Gossiping, back biting, giving junior staff or students the worst assignments – these are all ways of perpetuating a system of fear and intimidation. Everyone should have the same chance to not work Christmas as anyone else. Everyone should believe that their team will support them even if they don’t have a degree or a qualification.
Some nurses say they don’t get along with physiotherapists or occupational therapists, or they say it’s not right that physios don’t respect the nurses’ ‘authority’ on the ward. I heard one sister say: ‘That physio prances in and takes patients before we have had a chance to finish with them!’ Naughty physio – nicking patients before they’re all used up. Seriously though, these things cause real problems.
If you communicate well, treat everyone with respect and learn about what others in your area do, you will avoid the conflicts and hierarchies that drive everyone mad. Trust me, it’s either that or always feeling as though you are on the outside. Even doctors today are willing to speak to nurses, or so I’ve been told!
In fact, doctors have a lot to teach nurses. Most people really want an easy life – at home, at work, everywhere. If your area has a regular doctor, or if you are in a GP’s surgery, take the time to find out how the doctor likes things. You are not being the GP’s hand-maiden, you are being a team member, and that’s a worthy role. By making things better for members of other disciplines, you make them better for your patients and that’s really what it’s all about.
Working collaboratively as part of a multidisciplinary team is a sure way of promoting nursing as a key, integral profession: not one that is superior to others but also not one that is worth any less than any of them.
How well you work collaboratively will influence the care your patients receive: the better you communicate and work with therapists, the better your patients’ therapy will be; the better you work with the medics, the better your patients’ medical care will be. Is there any better incentive to work collaboratively, share information and understand what others need to know than to see your patients getting better care from you by getting better care from others?
CHOOSING YOUR WORK ENVIRONMENT
As a nurse, you will have many different options and opportunities. Some of them might seem very appealing – until you actually start working there and you find that it’s not what you really wanted. Knowing this, many Trusts have ‘rotation’ programmes to allow new nurses to spend time in a number of different areas over their first 1–2years. It’s like having a buffet of opportunities; after you have a taste of each, you might have a better idea what you want for your ‘main meal’.
Sometimes, you have to spend time in one job to get into another. An example of this is health visiting; being a health visitor requires a specialist qualification, so you have to work in another post while you work on gaining the experience you need to train as a health visitor.
This tells you something important: if you don’t know where you are going, you won’t know how to get there. We will discuss continuous professional development (CPD) in Chapter 10. You should plan your CPD to help you advance in your career. But what if you don’t know what you really want to do? There are some basic things to think about:
• Can I be flexible or do I need a job that is more stable in hours?
• Can I work full time or do I need part time work?
• Is there something that really interests me? Or something that really puts me off?
• Are there some things I might find emotionally very difficult? Or very rewarding?
• Are there some things that might pose more of a risk than I can accept?
• Are there some things that I already have some experience in?
• What kind of a person am I? Do I like a slow, steady pace? Do I like working alone? Do I thrive on adrenaline? Do I get stressed if I have too many things to do at once?
• Where do I want my career to go?
If you think of these things, it can give you some direction. Let’s take Kumar as an example.
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Kumar is a newly qualifying mental health nurse. He has been thinking about where to work – the professional journals are full of opportunities for mental health nurses. He makes a shopping list of things he wants from his work, and what he can offer:
• I like being around people all day; I don’t like to work alone.
• I like being able to see the people I work with make changes and get better; I think I would struggle with being in a long-term care situation.