Water Balance
QUICK LOOK AT THE CHAPTER AHEAD
The healthy individual requires approximately 100 mL of water per 100 calories ingested to help with metabolism and the elimination of wastes. The osmolality of the body helps to determine which mechanisms will be initiated to help regulate water intake and excretion. In addition to thirst in this chapter we look at the hormones that regulate water balance: antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and atrial natriuretic peptide.
REGULATING WATER LEVELS
The healthy individual requires approximately 100 mL of water per 100 calories ingested to help with metabolism and the elimination of wastes. The two main body means for regulating water levels are the thirst mechanism and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Both methods are sensitive to osmolality and to changes in extracellular fluid volume. Two hormones, aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), are helpful in eliminating sodium for the regulation of fluid overload.
Thirst
Thirst occurs when a loss of body water equals or exceeds 0.5% of the total body fluid. The perception of thirst, which occurs with even
the smallest loss of fluid, is one of the best regulators of water balance. Hyperosmolality is an event that activates the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus, which trigger the sense of thirst.
the smallest loss of fluid, is one of the best regulators of water balance. Hyperosmolality is an event that activates the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus, which trigger the sense of thirst.