W
Water deprivation test
Also called: Dehydration Test; Concentration Test
Basics the nurse needs to know
DI may be caused by a defect in production, release, or use of ADH. If DI is a result of a problem in production (hypothalamic) or release (pituitary) of ADH, it is called neurogenic or central DI. If DI is caused by a failure of the kidney to respond to ADH, it is called nephrogenic DI. The water deprivation test supports the diagnosis of diabetes insipidus.
Interfering factors
NURSING CARE
Nursing actions related to timed urine collection and pediatric urine collection procedures are presented in Chapter 2, with the following additional measures.
Pretest
During the test
Water-loading test
Basics the nurse needs to know
Review the discussion of Plasma Vasopressin (pp. 624). Normally, with an increase in fluid intake, urinary output will increase to maintain a normal plasma osmolality. As the urine volume increases, its osmolality decreases. However, patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) will not respond to increasing fluid intake.
How the test is done
With the water-loading test, the patient orally ingests a water load of 20 to 25 mL/kg of body weight. Hourly serum and urine osmolality and urine outputs are recorded for 4 hours.
Interfering factors
NURSING CARE
During the test
White blood cell count
Also called: WBC, Leukocyte Count, White Count
Purpose of the test
The white blood cell count indicates the possible presence and severity of infection or inflammatory response. This test may be part of the complete blood count, performed as a routine screening test or it may be performed separately to evaluate a specific problem. The leukocyte count is a general indicator of infection, tissue necrosis, inflammation, and bone marrow activity.
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