Description

Genital warts (condylomata acuminata) are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a highly contagious sexually transmitted infection (STI) seen frequently in young, sexually active adults.

Pathophysiology

There are more than 100 types of papillomaviruses, with many of these types sexually transmitted. Ninety percent of genital warts are caused by HPV types 6 and 11. Although genital warts are not malignant, other HPV types (e.g., types 16 and 18) are oncogenic and associated with cervical, vaginal, vulvar, anal, and penile cancers.

Minor trauma during intercourse can cause abrasions that allow HPV to enter the body. The epithelial cells infected with HPV undergo transformation and proliferation to form a warty growth. The incubation period of the virus is generally 3 to 4 months.

Clinical manifestations