Vitamin K is given prophylactically to all neonates to prevent a transient deficiency of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X.

At birth, the neonate’s GI system is sterile, lacking the necessary flora to manufacture vitamin K.

This absence of intestinal flora predisposes the neonate to a deficiency of vitamin, placing the neonate at risk for bleeding.

A single dose of 0.5 mg to 1 mg (0.25 ml to 0.5 ml) is typically ordered to be given by the I.M. route in the birthing room or within 1 to 2 hours after birth.

An additional dose may be ordered 6 to 8 hours after birth if the mother received anticoagulant therapy during pregnancy.

Prescribed dose of vitamin K

Appropriate-size syringe with a 23- to 25-G, 5/8″ safety needle

Alcohol or other antiseptic pad

Dry gauze pad

Gloves

Wash your hands and prepare the medication in the syringe, adhering to the rights of medication administration.

Explain the procedure and rationale to the parents, if present.

Confirm the neonate’s identity and place him on a firm, flat surface.

Locate the vastus lateralis muscle and select an appropriate site for injection.