24 Vaccines
The student should be aware of:
detection of low levels of rubella antibodies in a client
when it is appropriate to give vaccines in the postnatal period
the sequlae of either vaccination or disease
BP
Rubella vaccine
Proprietary
Priorix® (GlaxoSmithKline UK) (measles, mumps and rubella – MMR)
Group
Vaccine – live attenuated
Uses/indications
Vaccination where there are low levels of rubella antibodies or none detected
Type of drug
POM
Presentation
Ampoules, powder and solvent for reconstitution
Dosage
Dependant on age of recipient
Route of admin
S.C. or IM
Contraindications
Pregnancy or the intention to become pregnant within 1 month; febrile patients
Systemic hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine or to neomycin
Extreme care if administered to individuals with egg allergy
Impaired immune function (however, recommend in asymptomatic HIV infection)
Systemic hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine or to neomycin
Extreme care if administered to individuals with egg allergy
Impaired immune function (however, recommend in asymptomatic HIV infection)
Side effects
A mild form of the disease
Rash or swelling at the injection site (use a lesion-free site if eczema)
Rash or swelling at the injection site (use a lesion-free site if eczema)
Interactions
Possible interference from passive antibodies
Can be administered at the same time as the live varicella vaccine (Varilix) but separate injection sites must be used
Can be administered at the same time as the live varicella vaccine (Varilix) but separate injection sites must be used
Priorix® cannot be given at the same time as other live attenuated vaccines; an interval of 4 weeks should be left between vaccinations
In individuals who have received human gammaglobulins or a blood transfusion, vaccination should be delayed for at least 3 months owing to the possibility of vaccine failure due to passively acquired mumps, measles and rubella antibodies
If being given primarily to achieve protection against rubella, the vaccine may be given within 3 months of the administration of an immunoglobulin preparation or a blood transfusion
If tuberculin testing is required, it should be carried out before, or simultaneously, as it has been reported that live measles (and possibly mumps) vaccine may cause a temporary depression of tuberculin skin sensitivity resulting in inconclusive results
If alcohol swabs are used to cleanse the skin, the alcohol must be allowed to evaporate as it may inactivate the vaccine
In individuals who have received human gammaglobulins or a blood transfusion, vaccination should be delayed for at least 3 months owing to the possibility of vaccine failure due to passively acquired mumps, measles and rubella antibodies
If being given primarily to achieve protection against rubella, the vaccine may be given within 3 months of the administration of an immunoglobulin preparation or a blood transfusion
If tuberculin testing is required, it should be carried out before, or simultaneously, as it has been reported that live measles (and possibly mumps) vaccine may cause a temporary depression of tuberculin skin sensitivity resulting in inconclusive results
If alcohol swabs are used to cleanse the skin, the alcohol must be allowed to evaporate as it may inactivate the vaccine
Pharmacodynamic properties
Induces active immunization against rubella virus infection
Fetal risk
Theoretical risk of teratogenicity and should therefore be avoided unless the need for vaccination outweighs the risk to the fetus
Breastfeeding
Available data suggest that breastfeeding is safe
BP
Hepatitis B vaccine
Proprietary
Engerix B® (GlaxoSmithKline UK)
HBvaxPRO® (Sanofi Pasteur MSD Ltd)
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HBvaxPRO® (Sanofi Pasteur MSD Ltd)
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