V


V



6670


Validation Therapy


Definition: Use of a method of therapeutic communication with elderly persons with dementia that focuses on emotional rather than factual content


Activities:



• Determine the patient’s stage of cognitive impairment (e.g., malorientation, time confusion, repetitive-motions, or vegetation)


• Avoid using validation strategies when the confusion is due to acute, reversible causes, or in the vegetation stage of confusion


• Listen with empathy


• Refrain from correcting or contradicting the patient’s perceptions and experiences


• Accept the client’s reality


• Avoid using “feeling” words


• Ask nonthreatening factual questions (e.g., Who? What? Where? When? How?)


• Avoid asking “Why?”


• Rephrase statements, repeating their key words, while picking up their tempo


• Maintain eye contact while reflecting the look in the patient’s eyes


• Match and express the client’s emotion (e.g., love, fear, grief)


• Sing and interact using music familiar to the patient


• Observe and mirror body movements


• Use supportive touch (gentle touch to cheek, shoulder, arm, or hand)


• Speak the client’s language by listening carefully to the verbs the client uses, and use their preferred sense (auditory, visual, kinesthetic)


• Link behavior to needs such as love, safety, activity, and usefulness


• Reminisce with the patient by reviewing the past


• Help the person find a familiar coping method


5th edition 2008



5480


Values Clarification


Definition: Assisting another to clarify her/his own values in order to facilitate effective decision-making


Activities:



• Consider the ethical and legal aspects of free choice, given the particular situation before beginning the intervention


• Create an accepting, nonjudgmental atmosphere


• Encourage consideration of issues


• Encourage consideration of values underlying choices and consequences of the choice


• Use appropriate questions to assist the patient in reflecting on the situation and what is important personally


• Assist patient to prioritize values


• Use a value sheet clarifying technique (written situation and questions), as appropriate


• Pose reflective, clarifying questions that give the patient something to think about


• Avoid use of cross-examining questions


• Encourage patient to make a list of what is important and not important in life and the time spent on each


• Encourage patient to list values that guide behavior in various settings and types of situations


• Develop and implement a plan with the patient to try out choices


• Evaluate the effectiveness of the plan with the patient


• Provide reinforcement for actions in the plan that support the patient’s values


• Help patient define alternatives and their advantages and disadvantages


• Help patient to evaluate how values are in agreement with or conflict with those of family members/significant others


• Support the patient in communicating own values to others


• Avoid use of the intervention with persons with serious emotional problems


1st edition 1992; revised 2008



9050


Vehicle Safety Promotion


Definition: Assisting individuals, families, and communities to increase awareness of measures to reduce unintentional injuries in motorized and nonmotorized vehicle


Activities:



• Determine current awareness of vehicular safety, as appropriate


• Identify the safety needs of target audience


• Identify individuals and groups at high risk for vehicular injury


• Identify safety hazards in environment


• Eliminate safety hazards in the environment, when possible


• Give information about risks associated with motorized or nonmotorized vehicle use, as indicated


• Teach high-risk populations about vehicular hazards and risks (e.g., drinking, risk-taking behaviors, noncompliance with laws)


• Collaborate with community agencies in educational efforts to promote vehicle safety (e.g., schools, police, local health department, child safety coalitions)


• Provide literature about importance and methods to increase vehicle safety


• Educate about rules of the road for drivers of motorized and nonmotorized vehicles


• Educate about the importance of proper and regular use of protective devices to decrease risk of injury (e.g., car seats, seat belts, helmets)


• Emphasize importance of always wearing seat belts


• Encourage drivers not to start automobile until all passengers are restrained


• Encourage adults to role-model the use of seat belts and safe driving practices


• Provide information about proper adjustment so seat belts are comfortable and safe


• Monitor parents’ use of approved child safety seats and seat belts


• Educate about proper installation of child safety seats


• Instruct parents to secure infants in child safety seats and children under 13 years of age in the back seat of automobile


• Encourage parents to take child safety seats when traveling (e.g., airplane, train, bus)


• Demonstrate strategies parents can use to keep children occupied while restrained in seat belts or child safety seats


• Praise children and families for proper and regular use of safe practices in vehicles


• Make child safety seats available to all families through community service agencies


• Inform parents of the importance of selecting a bicycle that fits child properly and adjusting it periodically as the child grows


• Encourage use adaptive devices to increase vehicle safety (e.g., mirrors, horns, reflective devices, lights)


• Stress importance of always wearing helmets and bright or reflective clothing on bicycles, motorcycles, and other motorized vehicles (e.g., all terrain vehicles, snow mobiles)


• Emphasize importance of wearing shoes and protective clothing while on motorized and nonmotorized vehicles


• Monitor community injury rates to determine further educational need


• Support legislative initiatives that promote and enforce vehicular safety

Related posts:

  1. F
  2. P
  3. B
  4. V

Stay updated, free articles. Join our Telegram channel
Tags:
Dec 3, 2016 | Posted by in NURSING | Comments Off on V

Full access? Get Clinical Tree
Get Clinical Tree app for offline access