Developmental anomaly characterized by an abnormal connection between the trachea and the esophagus

Usually accompanies esophageal atresia, in which the esophagus is closed off at some point

Numerous anatomic variations, most commonly, esophageal atresia with fistula to the distal segment

Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula: two of most serious surgical emergencies in neonates; require immediate diagnosis and correction

Possible complications: aspiration of secretions into the lungs leading to respiratory distress, pneumonia, or cessation of breathing

Postoperative complications: abnormal esophageal motility, recurrent fistulas, pneumothorax, and esophageal stricture (see Types of tracheoesophageal anomalies)