Tetracyclines
PREGNANCY CATEGORY D
Therapeutic Actions
Tetracyclines are antibiotics. They are bacteriostatic; inhibit protein synthesis of susceptible bacteria, preventing cell replication.
Indications
Treatment of infections caused by rickettsiae; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; agents of psittacosis, ornithosis, lymphogranuloma venereum, and granuloma inguinale; Borrelia recurrentis, Haemophilus ducreyi, Pasteurella pestis, Pasteurella tularensis, Bartonella bacilliformis, Bacteroides, Vibrio comma, Vibrio fetus, Brucella, Escherichia coli, Escherichia aerogenes, Shigella, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella; when penicillin is contraindicated, infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Listeria monocytogenes, Treponema pallidum, Treponema pertenue, Clostridium, Bacillus anthracis, Actinomyces, Fusobacterium fusiforme, Neisseria meningitidis
Adjunct to amebicides in acute intestinal amebiasis
Treatment of malaria
Treatment of anthrax
Treatment of acne
Treatment of complicated urethral, endocervical, or rectal infections in adults caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
Treatment of superficial ocular infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms
Prophylaxis of ophthalmia neonatorum caused by N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis
Unlabeled uses: Lyme disease, endocarditis, facial nerve paralysis, arthritis, early syphilis, chlamydial infection, PID, epididymitis, prophylaxis after sexual assault
Contraindications and Cautions
Contraindicated with allergy to any tetracyclines, allergy to tartrazine (in 250-mg tetracycline capsules marketed under brand name Sumycin), pregnancy (toxic to fetus), lactation (causes damage to the teeth of infants).
Use cautiously with hepatic or renal impairment; ocular viral, mycobacterial, or fungal infections.
Adverse Effects
Dermatologic: Phototoxic reactions, rash, exfoliative dermatitis
GI: Discoloring and inadequate calcification of primary teeth of fetus if used by pregnant women, discoloring and inadequate calcification of permanent teeth if used during period of dental development, fatty liver, hepatic failure, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis, dysphagia, enterocolitis, esophageal ulcers
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