Standards of Practice for Home Health Nursing
Standard 1. Assessment
The home health registered nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to the patient’s health and/or the situation.
COMPETENCIES
The home health registered nurse:
Collects comprehensive data, including but not limited to physical, functional, nutrition, psychosocial, emotional, cognitive, sexual, cultural, age-related, environmental, spiritual/transpersonal, and economic assessments, in a systematic and ongoing process while honoring the uniqueness of the patient, family, and other caregivers.
Elicits the patient’s health beliefs, values, preferences, expressed needs, goals, and self-care behaviors, and knowledge of her or his healthcare situation.
Obtains an accurate medication history and identifies medication discrepancies.
Identifies deficits and barriers to effective performance of self-care management skills/behaviors.
Involves the patient, family, other caregivers, and other healthcare providers in holistic data collection.
Identifies barriers (e.g., psychosocial, literacy, health literacy, financial, cultural) to effective communication and makes appropriate adaptations.
Recognizes the influence of personal attitudes, values, and beliefs, and the need to remove any bias.
Assesses family dynamics, coping and caregiving skills, knowledge, and impact on patient health and wellness.
Prioritizes data collection based on the patient’s immediate condition and the anticipated needs of the patient, family, and other caregivers in the home.
Uses appropriate evidence-based assessment techniques, instruments, and tools, such as falls risk assessments, nutritional assessment, pain scales, depression scales, and cognitive level measures.
Synthesizes available data, information, and knowledge relevant to the situation to identify patterns and variances.
Applies ethical, legal, and privacy guidelines and policies to the collection, maintenance, use, and dissemination of patient and other data and information.
Recognizes patients as the authority on their own health by honoring their care preferences.
Promotes sharing of assessment data through an electronic health record.
Documents relevant assessment data in a retrievable format.
ADDITIONAL COMPETENCIES FOR THE GRADUATELEVEL PREPARED HOME HEALTH NURSE AND THE ADVANCED PRACTICE REGISTERED NURSE
The graduate-level prepared home health nurse or the advanced practice registered nurse:
Initiates and interprets diagnostic tests and procedures relevant to the patient’s current status.
Uses known or innovative evidence-based assessment techniques and tools.
Performs advanced assessments of home health patient populations with specific or complex needs.
Assesses the effect of interactions among patients, family, caregivers, community, and social systems on health and illness.
Standard 2. Diagnosis
The home health registered nurse analyzes the assessment data to determine the diagnoses, needs, or issues.
COMPETENCIES
The home health registered nurse:
Derives the diagnoses, needs, or issues from assessment data.
Validates the diagnoses, needs, or issues with the patient, family, other caregivers, and other healthcare providers.
Identifies actual or potential risks to the patient’s health and safety or barriers to health, which may include but are not limited to interpersonal, systematic, or environmental circumstances.
Uses standardized classification systems and clinical decision support tools, when available, in identifying diagnoses.
Documents diagnoses, needs, or issues in a manner that facilitates determination of the expected outcomes and plan.
ADDITIONAL COMPETENCIES FOR THE GRADUATELEVEL PREPARED HOME HEALTH NURSE AND THE ADVANCED PRACTICE REGISTERED NURSE
The graduate-level prepared home health nurse or the advanced practice registered nurse:
Systematically compares and contrasts clinical findings with normal and abnormal variations and developmental events in formulating a differential diagnosis.
Utilizes complex data and information obtained during interview, examination, and diagnostic processes in identifying diagnoses.
Assists staff in developing and maintaining competence in the diagnostic process.
Standard 3. Outcomes Identification
The home health registered nurse identifies expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the patient, family, other caregivers, and caregiving situation.
COMPETENCIES
The home health registered nurse:
Derives physical, psychosocial, and culturally appropriate expected outcomes from the diagnoses.
Involves the patient, family, other caregivers, healthcare team members, and others in formulating expected outcomes.
Collaborates with the patient to develop SMART goals (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-defined).
Integrates the patient’s goals when formulating expected outcomes.
Considers associated risks, benefits, costs, potential barriers, current scientific evidence, and expected trajectory of the condition when formulating expected outcomes.
Defines expected outcomes in terms of the patient’s culture, values, and ethical beliefs.
Includes a time estimate for the attainment of expected outcomes.
Develops expected outcomes that support continuity of care.
Modifies expected outcomes according to changes in the status of the patient, family, other caregivers, or home environment.
Documents expected outcomes as measurable changes in the patient’s status.
ADDITIONAL COMPETENCIES FOR THE GRADUATELEVEL PREPARED HOME HEALTH NURSE AND THE ADVANCED PRACTICE REGISTERED NURSE
The graduate-level prepared home health nurse or the advanced practice registered nurse:
Identifies expected outcomes that incorporate scientific evidence and are achievable through implementation of evidence-based practices.
Identifies expected outcomes that incorporate cost and clinical effectiveness, patient satisfaction, continuity, and consistency among providers.
Differentiates outcomes that require care process interventions from those that require system-level interventions.
Serves as a role model to staff investigating the latest evidence to support improvement of outcomes.
Uses technology to incorporate evidence-based interventions and facilitate outcome achievement while engaging patients, families, and caregivers in the process.
Standard 4. Planning
The home health registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcomes.