Ackerley (2001) indicates that the advice given regarding sterilisation of feeding equipment needs to be given to all new mothers, regardless of feeding method at that time. Formula-feeding mothers need it immediately; breastfeeding mothers may or may not need it, but might have difficulty comprehending it fully if they are emotionally distressed because breastfeeding has failed or if they are very tired. The preparation of formula feeds is one area of practice that has changed significantly in recent years; mothers with older children need sterilisation and feed preparation advice just as much as first-time mothers. Compliance with the advice is likely to be greater if the reasoning is also discussed. Mainstone (2004) argues that this advice should be a part of general home infection-control measures and so should be taught in the woman’s usual domestic residence. Particular care should be taken if the woman’s first language is not English.

All equipment needs to be thoroughly cleansed before being sterilised, regardless of sterilisation method. Retained milk will harbour bacteria and may survive the sterilisation process. Gilks et al (2008) reviewed the literature with regard to decontamination of feeding equipment for neonatal intensive care use. They concluded that no method of sterilisation was guaranteed to sterilise (to disinfect instead) but that this was heavily dependent on whether or not the equipment had been thoroughly cleaned first. The recommended cleaning technique (adapt according to equipment used, e.g. cup or breast pump) is as follows: