Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors
PREGNANCY CATEGORY B
Therapeutic Actions
Selectively inhibits cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5. The mechanism of penile erection involves the release of nitric oxide into the corpus cavernosum of the penis during sexual stimulation. Nitrous oxide activates cGMP, which causes smooth muscle relaxation allowing the flow of blood into the corpus cavernosum. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors prevent the breakdown of cGMP by phosphodiesterase, leading to increased cGMP levels and prolonged smooth muscle relaxation promoting the flow of blood into the corpus cavernosum. Relaxes blood vessels in the lungs in patients with pulmonary hypertension, improving exercise tolerance.
Indications
Treatment of erectile dysfunction in the presence of sexual stimulation
Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Contraindications and Cautions
Contraindicated with allergy to any component of the drugs, for women or children; concurrent use of nitrates or alpha blockers.
Use cautiously with hepatic or renal impairment; with anatomical deformation of the penis; with known cardiac disease (effects of sexual activity need to be evaluated); congenital prolonged QT interval; unstable angina; hypotension (systolic lower than 90); uncontrolled hypertension (higher than 170/110); severe hepatic impairment; end-stage renal disease with dialysis; hereditary degenerative retinal disorders.
Adverse Effects
CNS: Headache, abnormal vision, changes in color vision, fatigue, hearing loss
CV: Flushing, angina, chest pain, hypertension, hypotension, MI, palpitations, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia
GI: Dyspepsia, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dry mouth, esophagitis, gastritis, GERD, nausea, abnormal LFT
GU: Abnormal erection, spontaneous erection, priapismStay updated, free articles. Join our Telegram channel
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