4.1. The primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system is:

4.2. A 56-year-old woman is scheduled for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. She has a history of mitral valve prolapse, moderate obesity, and a childhood history of polio and rheumatic heart disease. Particularly for this patient, the preanesthesia nurse recognizes the importance of prophylactic:

4.3. Eliminating the systemic effects of a volatile anesthetic medication most varies with:

4.4. To alter blood pressure, hydralazine’s primary physiologic effect is to:

4.5. All of the following medications tend to cause pain on injection except:

4.6. By definition, minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) is the lowest concentration of an inhalation anesthetic that:

4.7. A factor that least affects a patient’s minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) requirement is the patient’s:

4.8. Pharmacokinetics involves the study of all of the following except:

4.9. When compared with diazepam, an equivalent dose of midazolam is:

4.10. The “antidote” to treat anticholinesterase medication overdose is intravenous:

4.12. Which of the following drugs is associated with a higher incidence of nausea and vomiting?

4.13. An infant’s and child’s initial response to induction of anesthesia with inhalation agents varies from the adult’s response primarily because the infant’s and child’s:

4.14. Effective 5-HT₃ receptor antagonists used for decreasing the rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) include all of the following except:

4.15. Which of the following does not increase the block of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants?

4.16. A healthy 28-year-old woman is awake, alert, and oriented when admitted to the Phase I PACU at 9:50 am after a 20-minute right carpal tunnel release. Vital signs are within 20% of preoperative measures. Anesthesia was by IV regional block with sedation and analgesia. At 9:55 am, the PACU nurse notes that this patient is not responsive and observes generalized tonic-clonic motor activity. The most likely reason for this activity is:

4.17. An IV regional technique involves:

4.18. The most common mechanism of action of local anesthesia is:

4.19. After carpal tunnel release with IV regional block, the most positive patient outcomes are achieved by:

4.20. The inhalation anesthetic that is most likely to induce airway spasm is:

4.22. Systemic toxicity of local anesthetics is not potentiated by:

4.23. Compared with intramuscular morphine, providing analgesia with a continuous epidural morphine infusion decreases all the following effects except:

4.24. The epidural space contains the following anatomic structures except:

4.25. Addition of epinephrine to local anesthesia solutions results in all the following except:

4.26. Cocaine-induced hypertension and tachycardia occur through:

4.27. Muscle relaxants metabolized by plasma cholinesterase include:

4.28. Which of the following statements regarding usage of beta blockers is not true?

4.29. The drug of choice to treat renal and biliary colic is:

4.30. Side effects occurring with the administration of ketorolac include all the following except:

4.31. Safe administration of parenteral ketorolac includes all the following factors except:

4.32. Nalbuphine’s specific opioid receptor actions include:

4.33. What effect does magnesium have on the potency of muscle relaxants?

4.35. A wildly restless, crying, and confused 12-year-old boy attempts to climb off the stretcher in the PACU. While assuring the physical safety of staff and patient, the nurse explains possible causes for the child’s behavior to his mother, who visits in the PACU. Causes could include any of the following except:

4.36. Physostigmine is occasionally used to:

4.37. A retrobulbar block is administered to a patient. The patient’s level of consciousness decreases, and apnea ensues. The most likely cause of the decreased consciousness and apnea is:

4.38. Nursing observations after administering physostigmine salicylate include monitoring:

4.39. After a total of 0.6 mg of IV flumazenil, the PACU nurse evaluates the patient’s response for evidence of flumazenil-induced:

4.40. Succinylcholine is classified as a(an):