O



O





Obesity management




Actions


Two categories of medications are used for weight control.




Anorexiants




































Name Availability Dosage Side Effects
Diethylpropion (Tenuate, Tenuate Dospan) T: 25 mg, T (CR): 75 mg 25 mg 3–4 times/day or 75 mg once/day in midmorning Headaches, insomnia, nervousness, anxiety, irritability, dry mouth, constipation, euphoria, palpitations, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, valvular heart disease, seizures, bone marrow depression
Lorcaserin (p. 722) (BelViq) C: 10 mg 10 mg twice daily Nausea, headache, dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, diarrhea, constipation, hypoglycemia, hallucinations, decreased white/red blood cells
Orlistat (p. 893) (Alli, Xenical) C: 60 mg, 120 mg Alli: 60 mg up to tid with meals
Xenical: 120 mg tid with each meal containing fat		 Flatulence, rectal incontinence, oily stools, cholelithiasis, abdominal/rectal pain, hepatitis, pancreatitis
Phenteramine (Apidex-P) C: 15 mg, 30 mg, 37.5 mg
T: 37.5 mg
T (ODT): 15 mg, 30 mg		 15–37.5 mg/day in 1 or 2 divided doses
ODT: 15–30 mg once daily in morning		 Headaches, insomnia, nervousness, anxiety, irritability, dry mouth, constipation, euphoria, palpitations, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, valvular heart disease, tremor
Phenteramine/topiramate (Qsymia) C: 13.75 mg/23 mg 3.75 mg/23 mg to 15 mg/92 mg once daily in the morning Paresthesia, dizziness, insomnia, depression, tachycardia, cognitive impairment, angle-closure glaucoma, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis


image


AS, Appetite suppressant; C, capsules; CR, controlled-release; DI, digestion inhibitor; ODT, orally disintegrating tablets; T, tablets.






Ophthalmic medications for allergic conjunctivitis


Ophthalmic products used for allergic conjunctivitis include antihistamines, mast cell stabilizing agents, combination antihistamine/decongestants, and corticosteroids. Antihistamines selectively inhibit the H1 histamine receptor, thus antagonizing histamine-stimulated vascular permeability in the conjunctiva.


Mast cell stabilizing agents block the release of mediators of hypersensitivity reactions from mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, and platelets. They inhibit the release of histamine from mast cells. Combination antihistamine/decongestants are used only for a short time because the regular use of a decongestant may cause rebound congestion.


Mast cell stabilizers/antihistamine combinations provide both the quick action of the antihistamine and more delayed action of the mast cell stabilizer. This latter combination is used for mild to moderately severe allergic conjunctivitis. Corticosteroids, although having no definite mechanism of action, exert their effect by controlling the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation.





Mast cell stabilizer





















Names Dosage Comments/Side Effects
Lodoxamine 0.1% (Alomide) One to two drops in affected eye(s) 4 times/day Avoid wearing contact lenses during treatment
Side effects: burning, stinging, or irritation of eyes; watery, itching eyes; blurred vision; headache; dizziness; nausea or stomach discomfort
Nedocromil 2% (Alocril) One or two drops in affected eye(s) 2 times/day Remove contact lenses prior to using; may reinsert after 15 min if eyes are not red
Side effects: headache, dizziness, blurring sensation in eye, light intolerance
Pemirolast 0.1% (Alamast) One or two drops in affected eye(s) 4 times/day Avoid wearing contact lenses if eyes are red
Remove contact lenses prior to using; may reinsert after 10 min if eyes are not red
Side effects: foreign body sensation, headache, dry eyes, burning sensation

Related posts:

  1. D
  2. U
  3. P
  4. I

Stay updated, free articles. Join our Telegram channel
Tags:
Mar 8, 2017 | Posted by in NURSING | Comments Off on O

Full access? Get Clinical Tree
Get Clinical Tree app for offline access