To screen those patients needing amniocentesis or high-resolution ultrasonography during pregnancy

As a screening test to determine the presence of a fetal neural tube defect (NTD) because alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels are elevated in NTDs

As appropriate, explain that this test helps monitor fetal development, screens for a need for further testing, helps detect possible congenital defects in the fetus, and monitors the mother’s response to therapy by measuring maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP), a specific blood protein.

Inform the patient that she need not restrict food, fluids, or medications.

Tell the patient that the test requires a blood sample.

Explain who will perform the venipuncture and when.

Explain to the patient that she may experience slight discomfort from the tourniquet and the needle puncture.

Perform a venipuncture and collect the sample in a 7-ml clot-activator tube.

Record the patient’s age, race, weight, and week of gestation on the laboratory request.

Handle the sample gently to prevent hemolysis.