‘Myoclonus’ is defined as involuntary, intermittent jerking of the extremities (Paice, 2010). It tends to become more pronounced in the imminently dying patient. Myoclonus can be brought on by voluntary movement or stimulus and can come on slowly often during sleeping and progress to being present most of the time. Left untreated, myoclonus can disturb sleep and be distressing for patients and families.

Tremors and muscle spasms can occur as a result of neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Tremors and muscle spasms can result in significant pain and distress for patients. Family members may also be distressed or frightened by the situation.

Determining whether the patient is experiencing myoclonus, tremors or muscle spasm is essential in identifying the underlying cause and choosing the most appropriate intervention.