Chapter 7 Fluid and Electrolytes
1. The main ion that constitutes more than 90% of the total amount of solutes in the extracellular space is:
2. Which of the following would cause hyponatremia in the neonate?
3. Fluid requirements need to be determined accurately by evaluating the factors that influence insensible water loss (IWL). One factor that may decrease IWL is:
4. A 26-week gestational age infant with a birth weight of 800 g is 2 days old and currently weighs 660 g. Total fluids are 110 ml/kg/day. Urine output is 2.8 ml/kg/hr. Core temperature is 36.8° C (98.2° F), incubator temperature is 37° C (98.6° F), and humidity is 45%. The most appropriate action is to:
5. When calculating medication doses for the premature infant, one should consider which of the following normal postnatal developments that could affect dosage?
6. A 1200-g infant has oliguria and new-onset apnea. The infant has a history of being administered diuretics. Electrolyte levels are obtained. The results are Na 121 mEq/L, K 3.2 mEq/L, Cl 87 mEq/L, and CO2 32 mEq/L. The most appropriate action is to:
7. A 5-week-old 1100-g infant has oliguria and new-onset apnea. The infant has a history of being administered diuretics. Electrolyte levels are Na 115 mEq/L, K 3.8 mEq/L, Cl 86 mEq/L, HCO3 30 mEq/L, and creatinine 1.6 mg/dl. The infant is at highest risk for:
8. A 4-day-old full-term infant, after being at home for 2 days, comes to the NICU with a high-pitched cry, lethargy, irritability, and apnea. The history reveals that the infant has been eating well, breast-feeding 10 to 12 times per day with two wet diapers per day. There is no history of fever or vomiting. These symptoms are most likely secondary to:
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