Results from maternal drug use during pregnancy

Pregnant women who use drugs at higher risk for abruptio placentae, spontaneous abortion, preterm labor, and precipitous labor

Neonatal abstinence syndrome: neonates with drug dependence acquired in utero manifested by a constellation of neurologic and physical behaviors

Neonates who are born drug addicted at risk for urogenital malformations, cerebrovascular complications, low birth weight, decreased head circumference, respiratory problems, drug withdrawal, and death