The complex nature of palliative care needs (physical, psychosocial and spiritual) means that a holistic and integrative approach to care is needed. Complementary and supportive therapies refer to a range of interventions which are largely non-invasive, including:

• Mind–body techniques (‘mindfulness’)
  
• Massage
  
• Relaxation (including hypnotherapy)
  
• Music and art therapy
  
• Yoga and Tai-Chi
  
• Aromatherapy
  
• Reflexology

Some therapies, such as acupuncture, have proven evidence-based effects in the management of symptoms (Mehling et al., 2007). The key principle is that the approach taken ‘complements’ traditional clinical management to enhance well-being. It is not the same as alternative therapies, which may be used instead of clinical intervention and which may have no evidence to support them, or indeed, be harmful. Palliative healthcare professionals should understand the difference and advocate for the benefit of complementary and supportive treatments alongside mainstream clinical management (Cassileth and Vickers, 2005). Some of the more popular therapies only are noted here.