Cognitive Development II

Piaget’s theory, which has been in existence for more than 70 years, has been constantly evaluated and found wanting in several respects.
Studies have shown that children can achieve many cognitive tasks earlier than Piaget believed.
As children move through Piaget’s preoperational period, their cognitive skills steadily sharpen.
Early-childhood youngsters begin to develop different types of memory strategies.
Attention becomes more focused during these years.
Early-childhood youngsters begin to develop a theory of mind.
TERMS
Encoding
Information processing
Neocortex
Theory of mind
Piaget’s theory, which has been in existence for more than 70 years, has been constantly evaluated and found wanting in several respects. Studies have repeatedly shown that early-childhood children possess greater intellectual competence than Piaget believed.

Piaget’s reliance on a verbal explanation of events is a major weakness in his theory. As noted in Chapter 26 on infant cognition, the nature of the task used to investigate how children think can influence the results. For example, compare two seriation tasks: ordering sticks according to length and stacking measuring cups inside of one another. For the sticks, children use trial and error, and cannot focus on two things at once—length of stick and its relationship to what is before and after it. Thus they tend to “complete” the task incorrectly. For the cups, there is only one correct solution. The task tells them when they are wrong, and encourages children to “reverse” the results of incorrect trials—if not in their minds then with their hands. Children successfully seriate the cups because the task provides “error information”—that is, the big cup cannot fit into the little cup. Seriating sticks does not provide that kind of feedback.


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