Typically inserted during surgery in anticipation of postoperative drainage, a closed-wound drain promotes healing and prevents swelling by suctioning the exudate that accumulates at the wound site. By removing this fluid, the closed-wound drain helps reduce the risk of infection and skin breakdown as well as the number of dressing changes. The drain is usually emptied every shift and as needed. Jackson-Pratt and Hemovac closed drainage systems are used most commonly. (See Types of closed drainage systems.)

A closed-wound drain consists of perforated tubing connected to a portable vacuum unit. The distal end of the tubing lies within the wound and usually leaves the body from a site other than the primary suture line to preserve the integrity of the surgical wound. The tubing exit site is treated as an additional surgical wound; the drain is usually sutured to the skin.

If the wound produces heavy drainage, the closed-wound drain may be left in place for longer than 1 week. Drainage must be emptied and measured frequently to maintain maximum suction and prevent strain on the suture line.